Discover and read the best of Twitter Threads about #Enterovirus
Most recents (12)
#Enterovirus #Myocarditis is getting a lot of attention in the media right now so, I'm here to share a general overview of what this is.
According to our professional organization, @ACCinTouch , the definition of myocarditis is any condition that causes inflammation of the heart. There are a big list of causes, and the most common ones in adults are different from the most common ones in kids. 
Enterovirus is a specific category of virus, and it is one of the infections (overall most common cause in all ages) which is capable of causing heart inflammation.
Potential role of antiviral treatment in #T1D:
Pathogenesis:
1⃣ Genetic susceptibility
2⃣ Something triggers autoimmunity in the 1st years of life or later
3⃣ #BetaCell destruction
4⃣ Diagnosis
-L. Krogvold
#ISPAD #ISPAD2022 #dedoc°voices #patientvoice @dedocORG @ispad_org 1/n
Pathogenesis:
1⃣ Genetic susceptibility
2⃣ Something triggers autoimmunity in the 1st years of life or later
3⃣ #BetaCell destruction
4⃣ Diagnosis
-L. Krogvold
#ISPAD #ISPAD2022 #dedoc°voices #patientvoice @dedocORG @ispad_org 1/n
Potential role of antiviral treatment in #T1D:
'The time trend is the best proof that there are environmental factors triggering T1D.
Heredity as well.'
-L. Krogvold
#ISPAD #ISPAD2022 #dedoc°voices #NothingAboutUsWithoutUs #payitforward @dedocORG @ispad_org 2/n
'The time trend is the best proof that there are environmental factors triggering T1D.
Heredity as well.'
-L. Krogvold
#ISPAD #ISPAD2022 #dedoc°voices #NothingAboutUsWithoutUs #payitforward @dedocORG @ispad_org 2/n
Potential role of antiviral treatment in #T1D:
'From the 1920s we knew that T1D was of viral origin as deaths from #diabetes in Norway correlated with the mumps pandemic.'
-L. Krogvold
#ISPAD #ISPAD2022 #dedoc°voices #NothingAboutUsWithoutUs @dedocORG @ispad_org 3/n
'From the 1920s we knew that T1D was of viral origin as deaths from #diabetes in Norway correlated with the mumps pandemic.'
-L. Krogvold
#ISPAD #ISPAD2022 #dedoc°voices #NothingAboutUsWithoutUs @dedocORG @ispad_org 3/n
BREAKING—White House COVID Coordinator @AshishKJha46 is now discussing COVID—highlighting there are new strains popping up, he says, including those that can “evade” existing treatments. ➡️Anyone paying attention knows the looming crisis. Please get the new bivalent #Booster!
2) Our team’s model shows late November is when variant cases will be surging very quickly again. “Pentagon model” is our nickname for the 5 fastest surging sub variants added together.
HT @JPWeiland
HT @JPWeiland
3) What about prior infection or hybrid immunity of combo infection+old vaccination against these new variants??? Bad news— the new variants are highly evasive against hybrid immunity too. Don’t count on hybrid immunity to protect you much. Get the new bivalent #booster.
This trend of #COVID19 followed soon after by #rhinovirus or #enterovirus (& we have it in our 🏠 , test-confirmed) is 👎👎. The 🫁 are taking a beating. Beware, especially folks w/ #asthma & other lung diseases. Masks on. 👀 recent CDC alert: emergency.cdc.gov/han/2022/han00…. #MedTwitter
If you are age 12+, it’s been at least 2 mos since your last dose of #COVID19 #vaccine or any # of #booster dose, & you haven’t gotten your updated #Omicron bivalent #boostershot, get it! Likewise anyone 6m old & up who hasn’t had a #FluShot this fall, go get one. Same day is👌.
There is unfortunately no vaccine vs #rhinovirus or #enterovirus. For that, our best bet is to improve air quality (open windows if possible, Corsi-Rosenthal boxes, etc), #MaskUp, & try to get those around us to #WearAMask too. Really concerned for folks with #asthma etc like us.
Huge thanks to @HopkinsMedicine @AmaryFaln @hmostaf2 for sending along the first #Enterovirus #D68 #EVD68 sequences of 2022! 🙏🏻🚀
You can see them in the full-genome & VP1 builds:
nextstrain.org/enterovirus/d6…
nextstrain.org/enterovirus/d6…
1/5
You can see them in the full-genome & VP1 builds:
nextstrain.org/enterovirus/d6…
nextstrain.org/enterovirus/d6…
1/5
Note that for the moment I don't have anything but year for these sequences, so month is being inferred by the pipeline - note the wide confidence interval on the date!
However, zooming into the VP1 build, we can see some interesting connections...
2/5
However, zooming into the VP1 build, we can see some interesting connections...
2/5
All part of the B3 clade, 1 seq attaches to autumn 2021 circulation in Europe/USA (1), 1 attaches back to European circulation in autumn 2019 (2), and the rest attach back to USA+ circulation in autumn 2019 (3).
3/5
3/5
📡#Enterovirus #D68 #EVD68 builds on @nextstrain are now updated 📡
You can check out the VP1 (single-gene) build (nextstrain.org/enterovirus/d6…) & full-genome builds (nextstrain.org/enterovirus/d6…).
I'll give a brief overview of a few things of interest...
1/7
You can check out the VP1 (single-gene) build (nextstrain.org/enterovirus/d6…) & full-genome builds (nextstrain.org/enterovirus/d6…).
I'll give a brief overview of a few things of interest...
1/7
The VP1 #EVD68 build lets us include the most sequences, so I'll focus on that here - though full-genome has many other advantages!
No 2022 seqs yet (got my 👁️peeled!), but there are some from 2021 - from Europe & N America. These stem from the B3 & A2 clades.
2/7
No 2022 seqs yet (got my 👁️peeled!), but there are some from 2021 - from Europe & N America. These stem from the B3 & A2 clades.
2/7
And more specifically, are related to seq clusters that circulated in 2018/2019.
Huge thanks to @HopkinsMedicine @AmaryFaln @NIBSC_MHRA Javier Martin, Alison Tedcastle @UKL_Leipzig Mario Hönemann @CHUDijon Alexis de Rougemont, Isabelle Schuffenecker & more for these seqs!
3/7
Huge thanks to @HopkinsMedicine @AmaryFaln @NIBSC_MHRA Javier Martin, Alison Tedcastle @UKL_Leipzig Mario Hönemann @CHUDijon Alexis de Rougemont, Isabelle Schuffenecker & more for these seqs!
3/7
Recently I've heard from collaborators in the US & Europe that #Enterovirus #D68 #EVD68 cases are on the rise.
EV-D68 is what I worked on pre-pandemic, & hope to go back to.
A significant autumn 2022 wave has been a recent concern.
So what is D68 & what might this mean?
1/17
EV-D68 is what I worked on pre-pandemic, & hope to go back to.
A significant autumn 2022 wave has been a recent concern.
So what is D68 & what might this mean?
1/17
#EVD68 is a Picornavirus - a diverse family of viruses. And Enteroviruses are pretty diverse themselves: from Poliovirus, which can cause serious neurological illness, to Rhinovirus - what's behind the common cold 🤧 (and even more in between).
2/17
2/17
One of the most notable things about #EVD68 is that in Europe & North America it's historically had biennial autumn outbreaks: in 2014, 2016, & 2018. Also predicted in 2020... but that didn't happen due to pandemic!
Following that pattern, 2022 would be an outbreak season🗓️
3/17
Following that pattern, 2022 would be an outbreak season🗓️
3/17
People are asking me: what if we did a similar autopsy study to look for #viruses in ME/CFS? Well, several teams that performed single autopsy studies on #ME/CFS patients found evidence of persistent enterovirus infection in subject brain/body tissue
2/ Enteroviruses are (like SARS-CoV-2) single-stranded RNA viruses. They include the coxsackieviruses, poliovirus, echoviruses + rhinoviruses. These viruses cause about 10–15 million #infections each year in the USA alone
3/ This 1994 ME/CFS autopsy study identified positive PCR sequences with similarity to coxsackievirus B3 in samples from the #brainstem and hypothalamus (and also in muscle and heart tissue): acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/00…
@MBVanElzakker and I are excited that our new paper on biological factors that may contribute to the development of LongCovid/PASC was published today: frontiersin.org/articles/10.33…
2/ The paper details mechanisms by which RNA #viruses beyond just #SARS-CoV-2 have be connected to long-term health consequences.
3/ It also reviews literature on acute #COVID-19 and other virus-initiated chronic syndromes such as post-#Ebola syndrome or #ME/CFS to discuss different scenarios for #LongCovid/#PASC symptom development.
This study found that Epstein Barr #Virus (EBV) IgM antibody seropositive #COVID-19 patients had a 3.09-fold increased risk of fever compared to EBV seronegative patients. Inflammatory markers like C-reactive protein were also higher in the EBV+ patients: researchsquare.com/article/rs-215…
2/ The study is a small, but good example of the how already-acquired persistent #pathogens can influence how a person responds to a new #infection: the existing pathogen(s) might cause additional symptoms or influence how the #immune system can respond to the new infection
3/ For example this study found that persistent Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection caused ~10% of all T cells in CMV+ individuals to be directed against that virus. Could harboring CMV then change how the adaptive immune system responds to COVID-19?: ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Glad to see #ME/CFS mentioned as a disease potentially connected to immunometabolic reprogramming of host cells. But #pathogen activity in ME/CFS is severely understudied. For example, no team has yet searched for organisms in patient cerebrospinal fluid
2/ Further, numerous outbreaks of the disease have occurred that were directly linked to #enterovirus/coxsackie #viruses + autopsy studies of patients w/ ME/CFS have identified enteroviruses in patient brain tissue + stomach biospy samples: ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17872383
3/ Moreover early studies on #microbiome activity in ME/CFS indicate dysbiosis of #bacterial communities in patients w/ the #disease, w/ one study noting an increase in bacterial phyla in patient blood after a symptom-provocation challenge: ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26683192
@jenbrea Hey! Yes several people spoke on that topic at the recent #ILADs conference I was at 👉 and remember this case history which found that a woman treated w/ antibiotics to target persistent #Bartonella had substantial improvement in EDS symptoms: ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
@jenbrea 2/2 As for #mast cell activation in response to persistent #pathogens...there is extensive literature on how a range of bacterial, viral and fungal pathogens can drive #MCAS-like symptoms 👉 for example: ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
@jenbrea 3/3 There is even a receptor common in #connective tissue who’s activity controls mast cell activation in response to bacterial signaling molecules that drive #biofilm formation: ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/31278…
