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#TodayinHistory in 1986, the consequential Snap Elections began. The 2 contenders for the presidency were Ferdinand Marcos Sr. & Corazon C. Aquino. It is one of the landmark events that led to the EDSA People Power Revolution 3 weeks later. THREAD. #history #kasaysayan 
After the assassination of Ninoy Aquino in 1983, int'l support on Marcos Sr. waned. It was in Nov 1985 that Marcos Sr. was interviewed in the David Brinkley's show & said: "... all these childish claims to popularity on both sides have to be settled, then I think...
"... we better settle it by calling an election... And we will invite the members of the American Congress to please come and see what is happening here. All this talk about fraud... that's sourgrapes."
Corazon Aquino, after much thought and consultation accepted the challenge.
Corazon Aquino, after much thought and consultation accepted the challenge.
#TodayinHistory in 1964, Emilio Aguinaldo, president of La republica filipina, & first President of the Philippines in the official roster, died #of coronary thrombosis at the Veterans Memorial Hospital in Quezon City. He was 94. THREAD. #kasaysayan #history
Born on 22 March 1869, at Cavite El Viejo (now Kawit) to gobernadorcillo Carlos Aguinaldo & Trinidad Famy, Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy was seventh of 8 children, and the youngest of 4 boys. He was manager of the family's farms when his father died, & was into interisland trading.
Aguinaldo served as cabeza de barangay of Binakayan, Kawit, then capitan municipal of Kawit, & was involved in the Katipunan. Upon the coordinated open revolt in Aug 1896, he led the Katipuneros in Kawit as revo general.
#TodayinHistory in 1863, Andrés Bonifacio y de Castro, revolutionary leader & 3rd president of the revolutionary org, the #Katipunan, was born in Tondo, #Manila, #PH. Under his leadership, the Katipunan led an all-out revolution vs. Spain beginning Aug 1896. THREAD. #kasaysayan
Born to Santiago Bonifacio and Catalina de Castro, a tailor & a housewife, Andres was born the eldest of his siblings—Ciriaco, Procopio, Espiridiona, Troadio, & Maxima. Upon the death of their parents, Andres stood as breadwinner for the family.
First selling canes and paper fans, & juggling several jobs, Andres Bonifacio was employed as clerk & liaison for the British company Fleming & Co in Manila. He eventually became an agent of the company, but soon decided to switch to the German company, Fressel & Co.
#TodayinHistory in 1865, Filipino revolutionary general, Miguel Malvar, one of the last generals to surrender to the Americans in the Philippine-American War, was born in Barrio San Miguel, Santo Tomas, #Batangas #PH.
THREAD. #history #kasaysayan
THREAD. #history #kasaysayan
Born to Maximo Malvar & Tiburcia Carpio, Miguel was educated early via his hometown's school. Soon, he was mentored by Valerio Malabanan, one of the great teachers of Batangas who offered pro-bono services in Tanauan.
Malvar was a skilled businessman. After making a name for himself in the local sugar industry, his business thrived as was his influence in the community. He was even given P1,000 as seed money by Saturnina Rizal, Jose Rizal's oldest sister, to help his enterprise.
#TodayinHistory in 1601, the Colegio de San Jose was established by the Jesuits in Manila (#Intramuros) #PH. It is now known as the San Jose Seminary, located inside the Ateneo de Manila University campus in Quezon City. THREAD. #Kasaysayan #History
The Society of Jesus (known as Jesuits), a religious order in the Catholic Church, was founded by Ignatius of Loyola and approved by the Pope in 1540. In the backdrop of the Protestant Reformation, the Jesuits were instrumental in the Counter-Reformation efforts in Europe.
The #Jesuit order arrived in #PH from Mexico in 1581 led by their Superior, Antonio Sedeño. From his group's pioneering efforts, Jesuit mission stations & schools were established. Sedeño founded the Universidad de San Ignacio in #Intramuros in 1590.
#TodayinHistory in 1882, Monte de Piedad y Caja de Ahorros de Manila (Mount of Piety & Savings Bank of Manila), the oldest savings bank in #PH, began its operations. It was 1st in the Philippines to offer loans to the poor w/ moderate interest. THREAD
#banking #kasaysayan
#banking #kasaysayan
Since the end of the Galleon trade in 1815, #PH economy under colonial administration was forced to diversify. While there were gains in this shift, it caused disparities among wage-earners in colonial Philippines, w/ its effects being felt until 1880s.
Domestic textile, for ex., couldn't compete w/ foreign imports. Low wage earners became susceptible to diseases & unemployment. To alleviate these problems, the funds from Obras Pias (religious charitable foundations linked to the Galleons) was redirected to establish...
#TodayinHistory in 1587, the first batch of the Dominicans, a mendicant order of Catholic priests, arrived at the port in Cavite to establish their order in the Philippines. THREAD. #history #kasaysayan #PH
Founded in the year 1216 in France by Dominic of Osma (St. Dominic), the Dominicans (known as the Order of Preachers, or OP) were some of the leading scholars of Europe's Middle Ages. After the Augustinians, Franciscans, and Jesuits, they arrived in #PH #onthisday in 1587.
Although this group was not the 1st of the order to have arrived, as Domingo de Salazar, the first archbishop of Manila, & Cristóbal de Salvatierra, preceded them in 1581, the objective of this group of 15 men was to establish the order in #PH, sent to Bataan & Pangasinan.
#TodayinHistory in 1847, Cayetano Arellano, 1st Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines, was born in Udyong (now Orion), Bataan, #PH. Although a controversial figure, Arellano set the foundation of the PH judiciary. THREAD. #history #kasaysayan
Born to Don Servando Arellano, a Spaniard, & Crisfora Lonzon of Bataan, Cayetano Arellano was a working student in his early years, finishing primary & secondary educ in @LetranOfficial, after w/c he finished Philosophy (1862), Theology (1867) & Laws (1876) at @UST1611official.
Arellano became instructor at the UST teaching Civil Law. Soon, he served as member ("regidor") of the council of the City of Manila (#Intramuros) from 1887 to 1889. He was soon appointed by the colonial gov as Magistrado Suplente of the Audiencia Territorial de Manila.
“How can you disprove Maharlika when there are no records?” Not true. #kasaysayan #tallano
2/6 Pre-colonial PH kingdoms were mentioned in Chinese historical scrolls in the context of trade, immigration and politics centuries before the Spanish arrived. #primarydocs
3/6 "Song Annals" Vol 248 mentions the Kingdom of Butuan in 982AD. Their royal family sent trade missions until 1003 AD. #primarydocs
#TodayinHistory in 1870, Jose Alejandrino (José Cándido Alejandrino y Magdangal), Filipino revolutionary general, writer, diplomat for the 1st #PH Republic, & framer of the 1899 & 1935 PH constitutions, was born in Arayat, Pampanga.
THREAD.
#history #kasaysayan
THREAD.
#history #kasaysayan
Born to a well-to-do family, Alejandrino was enrolled in the Ateneo de Municipal (now @ateneodemanilau), garnered his Bachelor of Arts in @UST1611official, & continued his studies in Spain. While in Spain, he became one of the writers of La Solidaridad...
...& was an activist for the Propaganda Movement, campaigning for Filipino representation in the Spanish Cortes. Alejandrino was instrumental in copyediting the manuscript of his friend, Rizal's "El filibusterismo" before it was published in Ghent in 1891.
#TodayinHistory in 1899, the Kiram-Bates Treaty was signed, promising mutual peace bet. the Sultanate of Sulu & the United States. The treaty was initiated by US forces in #PH only to buy time for full American engagement in the Philippine-American War.
THREAD. #kasaysayan
THREAD. #kasaysayan
Fresh from the acquisition of its newest possessions—all the Spanish Pacific colonies, #PH included—the U.S. intended to enforce its control on PH by militarizing it until all resistance cease. This, despite efforts of 1st PH Republic to be recognized.
W/ the outbreak of the Philippine-American War in Feb 1899, the U.S. had its hands full. It could not afford another conflict w/ the Islamized ethnic groups in Mindanao, as the PH-US war, while tagged as "insurrection," was indeed nationwide in scale.
#TodayinHistory in 1878, Manuel L. Quezon, 2nd #PH President, & 1st President of the Commonwealth of the Philippines, was born in Baler, Tayabas (now, part of Aurora). He was the leading campaigner for #PH independence from the U.S. in early 20th century.
THREAD.
#Kasaysayan
THREAD.
#Kasaysayan
Quezon was half Spanish (His father, Lucio Quezon, was a Spanish sergeant). He joined Emilio Aguinaldo in the #PH Revolution vs. Spain & #PH-US War, & had the rank of Major. In 1901 he was given the task to confirm if Aguinaldo was indeed captured in 1901.
Seeing the capitulation of the republic he fought for he laid down his arms. But like his other contemporaries, Quezon brought the independence campaign from the battlefield to politics. Under the US regime, he finished law in @UST1611official (1903), became Councilor...
#TodayinHistory in 1863, Andrés Bonifacio y de Castro, revolutionary leader & 3rd president of the revolutionary org, the #Katipunan, was born in Tondo, #Manila, #PH. Under his leadership, the Katipunan lead an all-out revolution vs. Spain beginning Aug 1896. THREAD. #kasaysayan
Born to Santiago Bonifacio and Catalina de Castro, a tailor & a housewife, Andres was born to a poor family, & eldest of his siblings—Ciriaco, Procopio, Espiridiona, Troadio, & Maxima. Upon the early death of their parents, Andres stood as breadwinner for the family.
First selling canes and paper fans, & juggling several jobs, Andres Bonifacio was employed as clerk & liaison for the British company Fleming & Co in Manila. He eventually became an agent of the company, but soon decided to switch to the German company, Fressel & Co.
#TodayinHistory in 1865, Filipino revolutionary general, Miguel Malvar, one of the last generals to surrender to the Americans in the Philippine-American War, was born in Barrio San Miguel, Santo Tomas, #Batangas #PH. (THREAD) #history #kasaysayan
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Malvar's early education was in Santo Tomas, after w/c he learned under the tutelage of Valerio Malabanan, one of the great teachers who offered pro-bono services in Tanauan.
Malvar was a skilled businessman. After having penetrated the local sugar industry, he thrived as was his influence in the community. He was even given P1,000 as seed money by Saturnina Rizal, Jose Rizal's oldest sister, to help his business.
#TodayinHistory in 1950, 70 years ago, the 10th Battalion Combat Team (BCT), the 1st of the 5 #PH contingents that formed the Philippine Expeditionary Forces to Korea (#PEFTOK), landed in Busan, South Korea. (THREAD) #History #Kasaysayan #Philippines #KoreanWar
After #WWII & more than 3 decades of Japanese occupation of Korea, the Korean peninsula was divided by the 38th Parallel, w/ the communist north supported by the USSR, & the democratic south supported by the U.S. & member states of the United Nations.
On 25 June 1950, the north attacked the weakly-defended city of Seoul, & captured it in 3 days w/ great casualties. It earned condemnation from the UN Security Council. The UN Resolution 83 opened the opportunity for member states to send their forces to defend South Korea.
#TodayinHistory in 1872, Santiago Álvarez, Filipino revolutionary general, patriot, advocate for independence, known as "Kidlat ng Apoy" in the battlefield (Lightning of Fire), is born in Imus, Cavite. (THREAD) #PH #History #Kasaysayan
Context: Born in the year when the #GOMBURZA were executed, inflaming the anger of Filipinos towards Spanish rule, Santiago was born to his father Mariano, a general of the #PH Revolution, and Nicolasa Virata. He was the couple's only child.
Mariano, his father, had a fair share of discriminatory treatment from Spaniards. Mariano was accused of being involved in the Cavite Mutiny upon finding in his possession an autographed photo of Fr. Jose Burgos, having been imprisoned but later escaped.
#TodayinHistory in 1990, 30 years ago, a violent #earthquake hits Luzon #PH w/ magnitude-7.8. It wrecked havoc in Agoo, Baguio, Cabanatuan, Dagupan & select areas in La Union. The tragic episode provided #PH w/ invaluable lessons in disaster prep. (THREAD) #kasaysayan
Context: At 4:26 pm, a violent earthquake shook north and central #Luzon, lasting for about a minute. The epicenter was near the town of Rizal, Nueva Ecija, and it produced a 125 km-long ground rupture that stretched from Dingalan, Aurora to Kayapa, Nueva Vizcaya.
The #earthquake tremors were so violent that it crumbled many buildings & roads in #Baguio, cutting it off from the rest of #PH for around 48 hrs. It was the biggest earthquake in #PH since 1976, and in northern Luzon in a century.
#TodayinHistory in 1899, the unicameral legislature of the 1st #PH Republic reconvened in San Sebastian Cathedral, Tarlac, Tarlac, after the fall of the republic's capital, Malolos, to the Americans in March 1899. (THREAD)
#History #Kasaysayan
#History #Kasaysayan
Context: With the outbreak of the Philippine-American War on 4 February 1899, the Filipino forces were on the defensive, as American forces, who have amassed their troops since 1898, advanced.
Malolos, the seat of government of the 1st #PH Republic, fell to the Americans on 30-31 March 1899, as Filipino forces were forced to retreat from Americans' superior firepower.
#TodayinHistory in 1820, Valerio Malabanan, secular priest & educator, is born in #Lipa, #Batangas. His life devoted to teaching proved consequential for having had many of his students become leading Filipino intellectuals in the late 19th century #PH. (THREAD) #kasaysayan
Growing up in the early 19th century #Batangas, #PH Malabanan studied in Lipa, trained in segunda enseñanza & philosophy at @LetranOfficial, mastered Spanish language & Latin grammar, and studied Theology in @UST1611official.
Malabanan, while serving as priest & teacher, became enamored in history & mathematics. He was known to have translated many Spanish-authored works in Tagalog. His teaching style at the time was very advanced: he never employed corporal punishment on his students.
#TodayinHistory in 1892, José #Rizal, after writing articles, the novels Noli Me Tangere, & El filibusterismo—all criticizing gov, arrives in #Manila, #PH from Hong Kong. He is met w/ the full force of the Spanish colonial government at the port. #history #kasaysayan (THREAD)
Context: Aside from defending the cause of Filipinos via his articles in La Solidaridad, he sought equal representation for Filipinos in the Spanish cortes (legislature) for their concerns amidst abuses to be heard.
Rizal published his novels written in Spanish—Noli Me Tangere (1887), & El filibusterismo (1891). It depicted the corruption of Spanish friars & gov officials in control of a town, and a protagonist who sought vengeance against them.
#TodayinHistory in 1898, upon Apolinario Mabini's advice, Emilio Aguinaldo issues a decree, replacing the #PH dictatorial government established 5 days prior, into a Revolutionary Government. The significance of this move on this THREAD. #history #kasaysayan
Context: At 4:20 pm of 12 June 1898, under the instruction of Emilio Aguinaldo, #PH independence from Spain was proclaimed, w/ flag presented & national anthem played. The ceremonies concluded just as Apolinario Mabini, invited by Aguinaldo, arrived. tmblr.co/ZtGCUx1ISz8uT
Appointed as Aguinaldo's adviser, Mabini urged Aguinaldo of the need for representation. Note that the independence proclamation was initiated by revo generals whose position was earned mainly by appointment & not by the elective voice of the people. tmblr.co/ZtGCUx2jhp-Xb
#TodayinHistory in 1861, José Rizal, Filipino polymath, thinker, nationalist, & writer, is born in Calamba, Laguna #PH. He would be executed by firing squad in 1896. His writings united the Filipinos to revolt vs. the Spanish colonial rule. (A LONG THREAD) 🇵🇭 #Rizal #Kasaysayan
The unjust execution of the 3 Filipino priests, Mariano Gomes, José Burgos, & Jacinto Zamora (GOMBURZA) triggered public resentment among Filipinos under Spain. Burgos was housemate to Paciano Rizal, Jose's eldest brother.
José Rizal was 7th of 11 children of Francisco Mercado & Teodora Alonso, and the youngest of the 2 boys among the siblings. Paciano was the eldest. As the eldest, Paciano took charge of the management of land, while José was sent to Europe to study. tmblr.co/ZtGCUxNi9IRp
