Discover and read the best of Twitter Threads about #MetabolicSyndrome
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Here, compared with men at the lowest end of the normal BMI spectrum, increased risk for an early acute coronary event was detectable already within the normal range of BMI at the age of 18 years, increasing to >5‐fold in the highest weight category at the age of 40 years. 
- Coronary heart disease remains the dominant cause of death worldwide.
- This study aimed to determine whether body mass index at conscription predicts early acute coronary events among men in Sweden.
Here, a triple agonist that interacts with GLP-1, neuropeptide Y1&Y2 receptors, regulated insulin secretion in rat and human pancreatic islets, promoted insulin-independent Y1-R-mediated glucose uptake in rat muscle tissue ex vivo and reduced food intake and body weight in rats.
- Mechanisms underlying long-term sustained weight loss and glycemic normalization after obesity surgery include changes in gut hormone levels, including glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY).
- PYY1–36 is a gut hormone that binds to the Y1-R in pancreatic islets and central nervous system nuclei that control appetite regulation in the brain including the brainstem area postrema and nucleus tractus solitarius, where it has an orexigenic effect.
Here, despite younger age at diagnosis, lower prevalence of obesity and diabetes family history, individuals with recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes who had a low birthweight were more likely to have greater use of glucose-lowering medications and a larger burden of comorbidity.
- Low birthweight is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes but it is unknown whether low birthweight is associated with distinct clinical characteristics at disease onset.
- This study examined whether a lower or higher birthweight in type 2 diabetes is associated with clinically relevant characteristics at disease onset.
This one provides genetically proxied evidence to support that FGF21 signaling may reduce chronic kidney disease risk, have favorable effects across a broad range of renal outcomes and cardiometabolic risk factors.
- Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a fasting or stress inducible metabolic hormone produced mainly in the liver.
It plays important roles in regulating glucose and lipid homeostasis, as well as bone homeostasis.
It plays important roles in regulating glucose and lipid homeostasis, as well as bone homeostasis.
- This study leveraged a missense genetic variant, rs739320 in the FGF21 gene, that associates with magnetic resonance imaging-derived liver fat as a clinically validated and biologically plausible instrumental variable for studying the effects of FGF21 analogs.
The findings of this one suggest that carotid artery intima‐media thickness is associated with the long‐term risk of developing first‐ever carotid plaque, independent of several traditional cardiovascular risk factors.
- This study undertook an individual participant data meta‐analysis of 20 prospective studies from the Proof‐ATHERO (Prospective Studies of Atherosclerosis) consortium that recorded baseline carotid artery intima‐media thickness (CCA‐IMT)...
...and incident carotid plaque involving 21,494 individuals without a history of cardiovascular disease and without preexisting carotid plaque at baseline.
The findings of this study suggest that inflammation (glycated proteins and small:total HDL particle ratio) and muscle metabolism (creatinine, creatine) may play a substantial role in the development of type 2 diabetes.
- The aim of this study was to combine nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics and machine learning to find a glucose-independent molecular signature associated with future type 2 diabetes mellitus development.
- A case-control design nested in a population-based cohort (Di@bet.es study) was used in this study.
In this one, even though the consumption of 42.5g mixed nuts per day for 16 weeks was associated with some favorable cardiometabolic risk factor changes, it was not associated with statistically significant changes on LDL-c or Lp(a) in individuals with overweight and obesity.
- The aim of this randomized controlled trial was to examine the effects of mixed nut supplementation on Lp(a), lipid profiles, and inflammation in individuals with overweight and obesity.
- Participants randomly assigned to the intervention group were provided with 42.5 g/day packets of mixed nuts consisting of 25.5 g of nut mixture (cashews, almonds, macadamia nuts, Brazil nuts, pecans), 5 g of pistachios, 5 g of walnuts, and 7 g of peanuts.
This one in mice suggests that a daily feeding-fasting rhythm is a key input to liver and muscle clocks that enables synergy between the two tissues for control of glucose metabolism at the systemic level.
- Physiology is regulated by interconnected cell and tissue circadian clocks.
- Disruption of the rhythms generated by the concerted activity of these clocks is associated with metabolic disease.
In this one, a higher cardiovascular risk, as assessed by the Framingham 10‐year cardiovascular disease risk score, was associated with poorer cognitive function among older adults living in the US.
- The Framingham 10‐year cardiovascular disease risk score is based on age, sex, smoking, total cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol, blood pressure, and diabetes.
- It was found to be associated with lower cognitive function among older adults, including overall cognition and particular domains of cognition, such as executive function and processing speed, and immediate and delayed memory.
Using linear and non-linear Mendelian randomization analyses, this one suggests that a higher adiposity, as measured by BMI, is causally associated with an increased risk for rheumatic disease, an effect that is more pronounced in women for both gout and psoriatic arthropathy.
- A genetic predisposition to high BMI is was found to be causally linked to a higher risk of developing psoriatic arthropathy and inflammatory spondylitis.
- For psoriatic arthropathy and gout, sex-specific effects were observed, and for osteoarthritis, the effect of BMI was stronger in premenopausal compared to postmenopausal women.
In this one, sustained weight loss was associated with lower HbA1c at 10 years and improvement in lipid profile, while maintenance of ≥7% weight loss at 1 year was associated with decreased incidence of diabetic nephropathy at 10 years in patients with diabetes.
- The study evaluated 129 patients with diabetes and obesity enrolled in a 12-week translational model of intensive lifestyle intervention.
- At 1 year, participants were divided into group A, who maintained <7% weight loss (n=61, 47.7%), and group B, who maintained ≥7% weight loss (n=67, 52.3%).
Follow-up was continued for 10 years.
Follow-up was continued for 10 years.
In this one, both an elevated lipid accumulation product (LAP) and an visceral adiposity index (VAI), were associated with an increased risk for early-onset type 2 diabetes among young Chinese adults.
- The lipid accumulation product (LAP) is a marker designed to measure cardiovascular disease risk factors that integrates waist circumference, an indicator of abdominal obesity, and triglyceride levels.
* LAP index (females)=TG (mmol/L)×(WC [cm]−58)
* LAP index (males)=TG (mmol/L)×(WC [cm]−65)
* LAP index (males)=TG (mmol/L)×(WC [cm]−65)
In this one in patients with acute coronary syndrome, reductions in LDL particle electronegativity were linked to alterations of the LDL lipidome, and were associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality beyond some established risk factors during a 1-year follow-up.
"In a prospective cohort of contemporary patients with ACS, we demonstrate for the first time that attenuated LDL electronegativity, as assessed by the L1-L5 ratio...
"...unfavorably associates with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality after the index ACS, over and above the updated GRACE risk score...
In this one, acute exposure to simulated high (~2500m) or very high (~4000m) altitude prior to an OGTT did not appear to influence glucose homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, markers of oxidative stress or inflammation, in males with overweight with a men age of 32 years.
- Previous research has shown that ≤60 min hypoxic exposure improves subsequent glycaemic control, but the optimal level of hypoxia is unknown and data are lacking from individuals with overweight.
- This study tried to examine the short-term effects of different levels of acute hypoxia on glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, markers of inflammation and oxidative stress and feasibility in males with overweight, a group predisposed to impaired glucose homeostasis.
In this nationally representative sample of US youths at higher risk for type 2 diabetes due to elevated BMI, risk perception and risk awareness were not found associated with greater engagement in diabetes risk-reducing behaviors.
- Instead, greater diabetes risk perception was associated with more time spent watching TV and fewer days of adequate physical activity, whereas awareness was not associated with reported health behaviors.
- Some health care access barriers, including measures of economic disadvantage, were associated with adverse patterns of health behaviors such as lower levels of physical activity.
In this one, obesity, but not overweight, was associated with a higher risk of death from middle to older age, irrespective of the adiposity index used, suggesting that obesity should be prevented across the lifespan, including in individuals up to 85 years of age.
- Lower risk of mortality in older participants with overweight compared with normal weight when adiposity was assessed by the fat mass index was observed.
- However, the magnitude of this association was small and probably not clinically meaningful.
The findings of this one suggest a possible defect in the transfer of PUFA from peripheral tissues to the liver in NAFLD, with HDL composition being tightly connected to the rewiring of hepatic PUFA composition that occurs in NAFLD.
- NAFLD was characterised by a depletion in phospholipids (phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolamines, phosphatidylglycerols and sphingomyelins) specifically driven by their PUFA fraction.
- NAFLD patients had higher saturated and lower polyunsaturated FFAs.
The findings of this one suggest that the glycaemic load of a meal is not a major determinant of postprandial response, with a greater impact exerted by the metabolic health of the individual.
- The aim of this study was to perform an acute cross-over intervention to examine the interactive actions of meal glycaemic load on the dynamic responses of the plasma metabolome in overweight females.
- Postmenopausal women with a mean age of 63 yeras ingested two differing high-carbohydrate test meals (73 g carbohydrate; 51% energy) composed of either low glycemic index or high glycemic index foods in a randomised sequence.
Using data from 4 different cohorts, this one found positive associations between sugar-sweetened beverages & low/no-calorie beverages intake and NAFLD, as assessed using the Fatty Liver Index (FLI) (≥60).
- The study used data from 42,024 participants from the Lifelines Cohort study (Lifelines; The Netherlands), the Nutrition Questionnaire Plus study (NQPlus; The Netherlands), the PREDIMED-Plus study (PREDIMED-Plus; Spain), and the Alpha Omega Cohort (AOC; The Netherlands).
- Harmonized data analyses of showed positive associations between sugar-sweetened beverages & low/no-calorie beverages intake intakes and FLI-defined NAFLD prevalence.
This one failed to find an effect of long-term (24 weeks) daily administration of intranasal insulin at 40IU once daily on food intake, appetite, and weight in older adults with a mean age of 65.5 years, either with or without type 2 diabetes.
- A null effect of 24 weeks daily administration of 40 I.U. of intranasal insulin once daily on food intake, appetite, and weight in older adults was observed.
- Similarly, there were no differences in the effect of intranasal insulin when comparing men to women, obese to lean participants, and diagnosis of type 2 diabetes.
Here, high intakes of sugar sweetened beverages were associated with higher all cause mortality, cardiovascular disease incidence and mortality, while intakes of coffee, tea, water and low fat milk were inversely associated with all cause mortality in adults with type 2 diabetes.
- This study prospectively investigated individual beverage consumption after a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus, as well as changes in individual beverage consumption before and after the diagnosis, in relation to subsequent risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality...
...among adults with type 2 diabetes participating in the Nurses’ Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-Up Study in the United States.
The findings of this one suggest that the dietary management of patients with diabetes is deteriorating in tandem with the rise in diabetes prevalence in the US, and that a heathy dietary pattern may be inversely associated with all-cause and heart diseases mortality.
- This study examined the prevalence of diabetes in the general US population, both diagnosed and undiagnosed, as well as the trends in dietary patterns by diabetes diagnoses over the previous decades...
...while investigating the connection between dietary patterns and long-term mortality.
In this one, dynapenic abdominal obesity was found associated with 1.47 times higher odds for falls after a 2-year follow-up in Irish individuals with a mean age of 63.2 years.
- Interestingly, dynapenia alone or abdominal obesity alone were not statistically significantly associated with higher odds for falls.
- These findings suggest that dynapenia and abdominal obesity additively influence risk for falls in older individuals.
The findings of this one may suggest that both individuals with very low and very high levels of circulating IGF-1 may be at an increased risk of cancer mortality, cardiovascular mortality and all-cause mortality.
- Circulating levels IGF-1 exhibited a U-shaped relationship with all-cause, cancer and cardiovascular mortality.
- For cardiovascular mortality, the U-shaped relationship was stronger in men and in participants who were older than 55 years at baseline.
